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Blood sugar imbalance is one of the biggest American public health epidemics of our time. According to the CDC, approximately 10 % of Americans have Type 2, or adult onset diabetes. Even worse, 33% have pre-diabetes, and most of them aren’t aware that they are pre-diabetic.
Diabetes is caused by excess sugars or glucose in your blood. Normally, when our blood sugar is too high, our pancreas produces more insulin, which helps the sugars enter body cells.
When the body can’t produce enough insulin, or can’t use insulin as well as it should, this is called diabetes and insulin resistance. A diabetes diagnosis is made when your body can no longer control blood sugar in a normal range without intervention.
But blood sugar handling occurs on a spectrum. There is a range of normal blood sugar levels. Pre-diabetes means that your circulating blood sugar is a little higher than normal, and that your blood sugar is trending higher than normal, but that it hasn’t yet reached diabetes levels.
The excess circulating blood sugar in pre-diabetes and diabetes leads to a suite of health problems including cardiovascular disease, obesity, vision problems, peripheral nerve pain and degeneration, and kidney disease. There is also a growing correlation between blood sugar imbalance and Alzheimer’s Disease and cognitive decline.
But although Type 2 Diabetes is one of the most common chronic illnesses, it’s also one of the most possible-to-treat chronic illnesses with diet and lifestyle modifications. Though the changes can feel challenging if you’re used to eating and living a certain way, you CAN often reverse Type 2 diabetes with diet and lifestyle changes.
And even if you don’t have diabetes or pre-diabetes, it’s important for you to keep reading, too. Even if your body is handling your sugars just fine for the time being, excess sugars in the body promote more generalized inflammation. This inflammation has a role in many chronic diseases, not just diabetes.
Here is what you need to know to bring your blood sugar into balance, without medication.
How to Balance Blood Sugar
Balancing sugars is one of the first steps of getting a handle on chronic illness, no matter your diagnosis. And even if your health challenge isn’t a diagnosis, balancing your blood sugar is a foundational practice. Keeping your sugars balanced helps support the health of your adrenal glands, manages your weight, keeps your brain clear, and helps keep your moods stable.
Excess circulating blood sugar that can’t get into your cells leads to inflammation. It increases inflammatory cytokines, and also causes oxidized fats to damage your arteries. In plain speak, that means you may gain body fat (especially around your middle), and experience increased pain, declining brain function, and increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
There is no debate: keeping blood sugar balanced throughout the day using diet is both doable and is an effective way to promote health.
From a Functional Nutrition perspective, the first question to explore and answer is: What foods are elevating your blood sugar too high?
The common American diet is full of foods that can aggravate blood sugars. Added sugars in all manner of packaged foods are a problem, but processed carbs, starchy vegetables, and fruits can also be culprits. Even a healthy, therapeutic diet can have foods that elevate sugars inappropriately.
The key is discovering which specific foods are problematic for YOUR unique body. Tracking food intake alongside blood sugar readings taken with an at-home glucometer is the best, most specific way to identify your blood sugar triggers.
How to Track Blood Sugar
Tracking your blood sugar requires using a glucometer, or sugar meter. You can buy one online or at your local drugstore. Make sure to buy test strips along with your meter. If you are a diagnosed diabetic, insurance will usually pay for your meter and test strips, but the cost isn’t too prohibitive to buy out of pocket.
Grab a sheet of paper or an online tracking app, and take note of what you ate and when during the day.
You’ll want to take your blood sugar at several intervals through the day. Add these values onto your food log.
- Immediately after waking, first thing in the morning (functional range: 78-88 mg/dL)
- 40 minutes after breakfast (functional range: <135 mg/dL)
- 40 minutes after lunch (functional range: <135 mg/dL)
- 20 minutes before dinner (functional range, if >2 hours since last food: 78-88 mg/dL)
- Just before bed (functional range, if > 2 hours since last food: 78-88 mg/dL)
If you find values above these ranges, it’s time to evaluate what you had for your previous meal. Were there ingredients or products with added sugar? Were there foods with a high glycemic index, like breads, tortillas, pasta, crackers, or baked goods? Even white or sweet, white rice, winter squash, legumes, grains, or beets and carrots could be triggers.
Certain fruits or fruit juices could also be a problem, but will likely cause a delayed elevation of blood sugars, because the fructose must first processed in the liver before being broken down into glucose. Dried fruit can be a particularly strong trigger, as it is a concentrated food and it’s easy to overdo it.
Alcohol and caffeine can also be blood sugar destabilizers. Drinking alcohol in the afternoon and evening may contribute to elevated waking sugars. Caffeine may lead to blood sugar problems near lunchtime if you drink coffee first thing in the morning.
The triggers will likely be different for everyone. To manage your sugars well, you need to get curious and become a detective. If you feel like you’ve identified a blood sugar trigger, remove it for a week and keep tracking your sugars.
Do your numbers stabilize? Or are they still elevated? If they’re still elevated, get curious about what OTHER foods might be triggers. Do removal trials until you identify the culprit(s).
Common blood sugar triggers include:
- Bread, pasta, or tortillas
- Chips, pretzels, and other snack foods
- Baked goods, like cake, cookies, pastries, pie, etc.
- Boxed cereal
- Potatoes (plain, or French fries, potato chips, etc.)
- Fruit juice
- Dried fruit
- Even healthy foods like grains, legumes, or starchy veggies could cause a problem for some people.
Lifestyle Can Affect Blood Sugar
Lifestyle choices, including when we eat, how much we sleep, and how we manage our stress can affect our blood sugar.
Two hormones, leptin and grehlin, are responsible for signaling our appetite and turning it off. Grehlin is produced in the stomach, intestines, and kidneys, and tells us we’re hungry.
When we don’t get enough sleep, our grehlin output increases, which increases our appetite. Fructose (fruit sugar) consumption will also increase grehlin, and therefore appetite. So you can see a self-reinforcing pattern developing here: don’t sleep enough —> increased grehlin —> increased appetite —> eat not great food choices, including sweets or drinks with high fructose corn syrup —> increased grehlin —> repeat… you get the idea. This pattern increases the likelihood of overeating, reaching for quick energy foods like sodas, caffeine, and treats that elevate blood sugar.
Conversely, when our body determines we’ve eaten enough, it releases leptin, which tells us to stop eating. But your cells can become leptin resistant and stop responding to the signals.
Guess what encourages leptin resistance? Fructose, including fruit juice, corn syrup, and agave syrup.
In this indirect way, lack of quality sleep can drive us to have an increased appetite, and can encourage poor food choices. Do you ever notice you have a bottomless pit of hunger when you didn’t sleep well the night before?
One simple way to help prevent this pattern from starting is to get to bed earlier, ideally well before midnight.
Stress and Blood Sugar
When we experience stress, our body mobilizes resources to meet that threat to our well-being. The “fight or flight” response tells the body, “it’s time for action”. To allow this response, the body releases stored energy, and elevates blood sugar.
We want this to happen if we are being chased by a mountain lion. This is the reason average sized people are able to lift a car off of their trapped child, or do seemingly superhuman feats when their life is threatened.
But when our body is experiencing this pattern many times daily, in response to stressors both big and small, this can have a significant effect on blood sugar. It can lead to highs and then lows.
Successfully managing stress, whether it’s from your boss, your kids, your commute, or your financial situation, is absolutely essential for balancing blood sugar. Inviting stress relief practices, such as meditation, mindfulness, walking in nature, spending time with friends, or doing things we enjoy can help us not only feel better, but improve our actual health data and statistics.
No matter your health challenge or diagnosis, making sure your blood sugar is in balance is a key part to healing or maintaining your good health.
When you are ready for help understanding which foods are blood sugar triggers, what to do with your blood sugar readings, or how to successfully manage your blood sugar with diet and lifestyle changes, please schedule a free Assessment Session with me to find out how I can help. You can also grab your free copy of Roadmap to Recovery: How to Move Beyond Your Symptoms and Create a Personalized Plan to Restore Your Health to learn more about how I would support you. I look forward to meeting you…
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